GDPR Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision
- Categories Blog, Free Data Protection Resources
- Date August 29, 2020
Article 45 GDPR
Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision
1. A transfer of personal data to a third country or an international organisation may take place where the Commission has decided that the third country, a territory or one or more specified sectors within that third country, or the international organisation in question ensures an adequate level of protection. Such a transfer shall not require any specific authorisation.
2. When assessing the adequacy of the level of protection, the Commission shall, in particular, take account of the following elements:
(a) the rule of law, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, relevant legislation, both general and sectoral, including concerning public security, defence, national security and criminal law and the access of public authorities to personal data, as well as the implementation of such legislation, data protection rules, professional rules and security measures, including rules for the onward transfer of personal data to another third country or international organisation which are complied with in that country or international organisation, case-law, as well as effective and enforceable data subject rights and effective administrative and judicial redress for the data subjects whose personal data are being transferred;
(b) the existence and effective functioning of one or more independent supervisory authorities in the third country or to which an inter national organisation is subject, with responsibility for ensuring and enforcing compliance with the data protection rules, including adequate enforcement powers, for assisting and advising the data subjects in exercising their rights and for cooperation with the supervisory authorities of the Member States; and
(c) the international commitments the third country or international organisation concerned has entered into, or other obligations arising from legally binding conventions or instruments as well as from its participation in multilateral or regional systems, in particular in relation to the protection of personal data.
3. The Commission, after assessing the adequacy of the level of protection, may decide, by means of implementing act, that a third country, a territory or one or more specified sectors within a third country, or an international organisation ensures an adequate level of protection within the meaning of paragraph 2 of this Article. The implementing act shall provide for a mechanism for a periodic review, at least every four years, which shall take into account all relevant developments in the third country or international organisation. The implementing act shall specify its territorial and sectoral application and, where applicable, identify the supervisory authority or authorities referred to in point (b) of paragraph 2 of this Article. The implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 93(2).
4. The Commission shall, on an ongoing basis, monitor developments in third countries and international organisations that could affect the functioning of decisions adopted pursuant to paragraph 3 of this Article and decisions adopted on the basis of Article 25(6) of Directive 95/46/EC.
5. The Commission shall, where available information reveals, in particular following the review referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, that a third country, a territory or one or more specified sectors within a third country, or an international organisation no longer ensures an adequate level of protection within the meaning of paragraph 2 of this Article, to the extent necessary, repeal, amend or suspend the decision referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article by means of implementing acts without retro-active effect. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 93(2).
On duly justified imperative grounds of urgency, the Commission shall adopt immediately applicable implementing acts in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 93(3).
6. The Commission shall enter into consultations with the third country or international organisation with a view to remedying the situation giving rise to the decision made pursuant to paragraph 5.
7. A decision pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article is without prejudice to transfers of personal data to the third country, a territory or one or more specified sectors within that third country, or the inter national organisation in question pursuant to Articles 46 to 49.
8. The Commission shall publish in the Official Journal of the European Union and on its website a list of the third countries, terri tories and specified sectors within a third country and international organisations for which it has decided that an adequate level of protection is or is no longer ensured.
9. Decisions adopted by the Commission on the basis of Article 25(6) of Directive 95/46/EC shall remain in force until amended, replaced or repealed by a Commission Decision adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 or 5 of this Article.
Professor mr drs Romeo F. Kadir MA MSc LLM LLM (Adv) EMBA EMoC
At present Romeo Kadir serves as the President of the Global Association of Data Protection Professionals Europe (GADPPRO). GADPPRO is a thought leader self-regulatory association of data protection professionals based in the European Union, active around the globe and the first European Association of data protection professionals open for members outside the EU. Please visit www.gadppro.org for more information.
First appointed Data Protection Officer (DPO) ever in the Netherlands (European Union) at a semi-public entity. Seasoned European Privacy and Data Protection Expert (22+ years of practical experience in EU Privacy and Data Protection Law, Business Management, Compliance and Ethics).
Studied European and International Law, Political Sciences and Business Administration. Romeo Kadir is EIPACC EADPP Professor European Privacy & Data Protection Law at Universitas Padjadjaran UNpad (Indonesia) and Honorary Visiting Research Fellow with O.P. Jindal Global University (New Delhi), Senior Associate Fellow with Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy (New Delhi), Lecturer Science Honours Academy and Lecturer at the International Molengraaff Institute, Utrecht University (UU, Netherlands). In 2010 he was founder of the first European Data Protection Academy focusing on privacy-only executive education.
Present Occupations in European Data Protection Law
Member of the International Bar Association (IBA)
Member of the International Board of Experts with EuroPrivacy Certification Scheme (Geneva and Luxembourg)
Member of the International Strategic Board with EuroPrivacy Certification Scheme (Geneva and Luxembourg)
Member of the Swiss-Chinese Law Association (SCLA)
Former Occupations in European Data Protection Law
President European Institute for Privacy, Audit, Compliance & Certification (EIPACC)
Co-Founder/Vice-President European Association for Data Protection Professionals (EADPP)
Chair EADPP Certification Committee Data Protection Professionals,
Chair EADPP Academic Board
Chair EADPP Expert Committee on Cybersecurity
Chair EADPP Expert Committee on Artificial Intelligence (AI)
President Supervisory Board of the Dutch Privacy Complaints Office (NPKI)
Rapporteur to UN Monitoring Commission Human Rights on behalf of the Dutch Privacy Foundation (SPN)
Publications
'Handbook DPO - A Practical Guide', Privacy Publishing Group (2017)
Editor-in-Chief of ‘Data Protection Dictionary’, authored, edited and coordinated ‘Handbook for the Data Protection Officer – A practical Guide’, ‘The Ultimate GDPR Business Guide – Six Volumes’ and other relevant books in the field of privacy and data protection (www.dataprotectionbooks.com)
www.romeokadir.eu
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